Question 5·200 Super-Hard SAT Math Questions·Advanced Math
Consider the quadratic expression
where and are positive constants. Suppose the expression can be written in the form , where and are positive constants.
Which choice gives the greatest possible value of ?
When a polynomial is given both in standard form and as a product, expand the product and match coefficients to rewrite the target quantity (here, ) in terms of the factor parameters. Then use a standard inequality that connects sums of squares and products, such as (equivalently ), to bound the product and identify when equality occurs.
Hints
Expand the product
Multiply and collect the , , and constant terms.
Compare coefficients
Match the coefficients of and the constant term with to express , , and in terms of and .
Relate to
Use an inequality like (or AM-GM) to get an upper bound on when is fixed.
Desmos Guide
Parameterize positive and on the circle
Let be a slider. Enter
Choose values where both and are positive (for example, between and ).
Create an expression for
Since , enter
Desmos will display the value of as you move .
Find the maximum value of
Adjust to make as large as possible (this happens when and are equal). The maximum value you observe is the greatest possible value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Rewrite the quadratic by expanding the given factorization
Expand:
Match coefficients to identify , , and a condition on and
Matching with gives:
So
Maximize using an inequality
Use the fact that a square is always nonnegative:
So , which means
This maximum is achievable when .
Compute the greatest possible value of
Since the greatest possible value of is ,
So the greatest possible value of is .