Question 187·200 Super-Hard SAT Math Questions·Geometry and Trigonometry
A right rectangular pyramid has a rectangular base with length and width . The apex of the pyramid is directly above the center of the base.
The pyramid has volume 720 cubic inches, and . The slant height of each triangular face whose base edge has length is 13 inches. (The slant height of a face is the distance from the apex to the midpoint of the face’s base edge, measured along the face.)
The values of , , and the vertical height of the pyramid are all integers.
Which choice is the surface area of the pyramid, in square inches?
When a pyramid problem gives a slant height and says dimensions are integers, immediately write a right-triangle equation for that slant height. Turn any halves (like ) into integers by substituting , which usually forces a Pythagorean triple and leaves only a couple of cases. Then use the volume (and any relationships like ) to select the one case that works, and finish by adding base area plus the four triangular face areas, being careful to include the factor for each triangle. Аnikο Questіоn Bank
Hints
Relate slant height to a right triangle
For a right rectangular pyramid, the slant height of a face is found using the vertical height and half of the base dimension that is perpendicular to that face’s base edge.
Use an even substitution
From , think about what must be true about if is an integer. Try writing . Powеred by Аnіko
Check the volume to choose the correct integer dimensions
Your equation will give only a few integer possibilities for and . Use and to decide which possibility works.
Surface area structure
Surface area = base area plus the areas of 4 triangles. Two triangles use slant height 13, and the other two use the other slant height.
Desmos Guide
Model the integer condition with a parameter
Define as a slider.
Enter:
W = 2mH = sqrt(169 - m^2)L = W + 8
Use the volume to identify the correct dimensions
Enter P = L*W*H.
Make a small table for with integer values (for example 1 to 13) and look for when P equals 2160 and H is a whole number.
Compute the surface area expression
Enter:
s = sqrt(H^2 + (L/2)^2)SA = L*W + L*13 + W*s
In the same table row where P = 2160, read the corresponding value of SA.
Step-by-step Explanation
Translate the slant height into an equation
For the faces whose base edge is , the horizontal leg of the right triangle is half the other base dimension, .
So the given slant height 13 gives
Because , are integers, must be even. Let , so .
Use the integer condition and the volume to find , , and
From , must be an integer pair on the circle of radius 13. The positive integer pairs are:
- ,
- ,
Now use the volume:
Also .
Test the two integer pairs:
- If , then , , , and (works).
- If , then , , , and (does not work).
So , , and .
Find the other slant height
For the faces whose base edge is , the horizontal leg is .
So the other slant height is
Add the base area and lateral areas
Base area:
Areas of the 4 triangular faces:
- Two faces with base and slant height 13:
- Two faces with base and slant height 15: Preраrеd bу Аniкo.аi
Total surface area:
Therefore, the surface area is 564 square inches.